श्रीभगवानुवाच |
अनाश्रित: कर्मफलं कार्यं कर्म करोति य: |
स संन्यासी च योगी च न निरग्निर्न चाक्रिय: || 1||
śhrī bhagavān uvācha
anāśhritaḥ karma-phalaṁ kāryaṁ karma karoti yaḥ
sa sannyāsī cha yogī cha na niragnir na chākriyaḥ
śhrī-bhagavān uvācha—the Supreme Lord said; anāśhritaḥ—not desiring; karma-phalam—results of actions; kāryam—obligatory; karma—work; karoti—perform; yaḥ—one who; saḥ—that person; sanyāsī—in the renounced order; cha—and; yogī—yogi; cha—and; na—not; niḥ—without; agniḥ—fire; na—not; cha—also; akriyaḥ—without activity
Translation:
He who performs the prescribed duty without depending on the fruits of work is a sannyasi and a yogi, and not he who has merely ceased performing sacrifices such as Agnihotra yajna or abandoned bodily activities.
Commentary:
Some people think that one who wears the ochre robes is a sannyasi. Others think that one who lives in solitude in a mountain cave, having given up all work is a yogi. These are external things only. conditions. No one can claim to be a sannyasi or yogi by these externals The inner impurities of the mind should be cleared, the attachment should be given up, and the desire for enjoyment should be relinquished. Inner purification comes first, and then only external renunciation. It is only then that one may rightly be recognised as a Sannyasi or Yogi.
The real attributes of a perfected sage are the performance of prescribed duties and action without desire for the fruits of work.
Freedom from attachment of any kind is the sine quo non of a sannyasi. Desireless performance of good work is the mark of a yogi. The Lord emphatically condemns the idlers and pretenders who are neither useful citizens nor enlightened guides of the community.
Duty prescribed by the Sastras: Action is here qualified by the condition that it should conform to the laws of Dharma. What is contrary to Dharma is not advisable (Karyam). Righteous deeds and these also performed without the desire to enjoy the fruits is the law of Action. Anyone who acts according to this law is indeed a sannyasi and he attains the highest reward of liberation.
The difference in caste or Asrama is not mentioned here. The fulfillment of the conditions of Dharma, and non-attachment are the only characteristics of sannyasa or yoga.
Question: Who is a sannyasi and yogi?
Answer: He who performs his prescribed duties without attachment is a sannyasi and a yogi, and not he who gives up the sacrificial Fire and leads an idle life of inaction.